TEFL Assignment Answers - 23344 Words

Why is TTT (Teacher Talking Time) noted first among the potential problems to look out for in the list in section 1.2C? What are some ways you plan to avoid excessive TTT in your classroom when you are a ESL/EFL teacher? Provide specific strategies and examples. â€Å"Why is TTT noted first among the potential problems to look out for in the list in Section 1.2C?† Section 1.2 introduces the simple notion that, as Native English Speakers, we are accustomed to using the language—our students, on the other hand, are not. So, this preliminary information informs instructors to build classroom environments that encourage and maintain verbal participation from the students. In essence, we are not to build curriculum that reflects the†¦show more content†¦Which would be most effective with the majority of students? Which would be the most time efficient? On what basis would you choose one over another? â€Å"Which one of the approaches or methods listed in Section 1.5 seems more appealing to you as a personal choice to employ in your future classroom?† An Eclectic Approach is consistent with my overall goals as an effective foreign-language teacher. I am willing to try any and everything until I can locate what is effective, what is comfortable, and what will provide for the most conducive learning environment. In essence, and Eclectic Approach only seems feasible to a person who has a sincere interest in understanding how to best assist the learner. â€Å"Which would be the most effective with a majority of students?† The Direct Method is probably the most effective with a majority of students. I say this simply because the methodology—by definition—is student-centered. It would be difficult to argue against student-centered methodology. According to the TEFL website, the Direct Method builds an environment by which the student would acquire the L2 just as naturally as a child would. It goes on the further stress teaching through habit formation and immediate/consistent correction of linguistic errors as they are made. The extend the â€Å"parent-child† analogy, the instructor is doing all possible to make sure classroom time isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Trinity Cert Tesol9662 Words   |  39 PagesTrinity Cert TESOL Assignment details Contents Self-study 2 Reading list 3 Assignment overview 7 Teaching practice 8 Language Awareness test 1. 10 Language awareness test 2 10 Language awareness test 3 11 Unknown foreign language journal 12 Materials assignment 24 Observation journal 29 Teaching practice journal 49 Learner profile 51 Agreement to participate in learner profile 59 Self-study Self study follows the day’s input. Although there is flexibility inRead MoreTefl Teaching English to Young Learners2584 Words   |  11 PagesTeaching English to Young Learners with GO TEFL Result: 81% Assignment Answer the following questions based on your course readings for this module. (100 marks) Part 1: This section covers multiple choice type questions. Choose the correct answer from the possible answers provided. 1. What is one of the main differences between children and adult EFL students? (1) 1. Children are more likely to be forced to attend the classes.   2. Games are effective for children but not effective forRead MoreI t Be A Filmmaker2078 Words   |  9 Pagesfor students who desire to complete their proficiency in EFL to be able to become EFL teachers mostly for elementary and secondary schools. I received my textbooks along with a package with detailed instructions to completed my homework and other assignments. The required exams were given once a month, and I had to contact my instructors, over the phone, at least twice a month as part of the requirements to have a passing grade at the end each of the courses I took. There was a point during this timeRead MoreThe Use of Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language6056 Words   |  25 Pagesdifferent genres(i.e. poetry, sort stories, drama and novel) to language teaching and some problems encountered by language teachers within the area of teaching English through literature( i.e. lack of preparation in the area of literature teaching in TSL/TEFL, programs, absen ce of clear-cut objectives, defining the role of literature in ESL/EFL, language teachers not having the background and training in literature, lack of pedagogically-designed appropriate materials that can be used by language teachersRead MoreCelta Key15571 Words   |  63 Pageslet you know how you are getting on. If you do not agree with your tutor’s assessment then you are free to question it, this will in no way prejudice your assessment. Written Assignments There are four of these. (See homework sheet for further details) You may resubmit them if you fail first time. If you fail two assignments after resubmission, you will not be awarded a pass grade. 2 Professional Development All teachers have to work in a staff room environment. We need to see that you canRead MoreDirect Method in Foreign Language Teaching5667 Words   |  23 Pagesand final thread in the development of ELT was the rising demand for English as a foreign language (EFL) in the United Kingdom itself during the 1930s, mainly from refugees from war-threatened Europe. After 1945, there was a pause until the1960s when TEFL began to grow fast. Out of these influences post-war ELT developed a recognizable approach of its own which stressed the importance of carefully graded texts containing the new grammar patterns, a limited vocabulary of frequent items and an oralRead MoreDISSERTATION21474 Words   |  86 Pagesresearch; its purpose was to find out how students felt about the use of A M activities during the course and see if they had benefited in their learning process. I applied it the last day of classes; I explained the class that it was important to answer with the truth, they were not supposed to put their names and the results were not going to modify their grades. Appendix 2 shows a sample, the result is given in 5. 4. 4. 7. Interview The interview was planned to obtain direct information from

Validity in Sociology Reliability in Research

In sociology and research terms, internal validity is the degree to which an instrument, such as a survey question, measures what it is intended to measure while external validity refers to the ability of results of an experiment to be generalized beyond the immediate study. True validity comes when both the instruments used and the results of experiments themselves are found to be accurate each time an experiment is conducted; as a result, all data that is found to be valid must be considered reliable, which means it must be capable of being repeated across multiple experiments. As an example, if a survey posits that a students aptitude score is a valid predictor of a students test scores in certain topics, the amount of research conducted into that relationship would determine whether or not the instrument of measurement (here, the aptitude as they relate to the test scores) are considered valid. The Two Aspects of Validity: Internal and External In order for an experiment to be considered valid, it must first be considered internally and externally valid. This means that an experiments measuring tools must be able to be used repeatedly to generate the same results. However, as University of California Davis psychology professor Barbara Sommers puts it in her Introduction to Scientific Knowledge demo course, the truth of these two aspects of validity  may be hard to determine: Different methods vary with regard to these two aspects of validity. Experiments, because they tend to be structured and controlled, are often high on internal validity. However, their strength with regard to structure and control, may result in low external validity. The results may be so limited as to prevent generalizing to other situations. In contrast, observational research may have high external validity (generalizability) because it has taken place in the real world. However, the presence of so many uncontrolled variables may lead to low internal validity in that we cant be sure which variables are affecting the observed behaviors. When there is either low internal or low external validity, researchers often adjust the parameters of their observations, instruments, and experiments in order to achieve a more reliable analysis of sociological data. The Relationship Between Reliability and Validity When it comes to providing accurate and useful data analysis, sociologists and scientists of all fields must maintain a level of validity and reliability in their research—all valid data is reliable, but reliability alone does not ensure the validity of an experiment. For instance, if the number of people who receive speeding tickets in an area varies  immensely from day to day, week to week, month to month, and year to year, it is unlikely to be a good predictor of anything—it isnt valid as a measurement of predictability. However, if the same number of tickets are received monthly or annually, researchers may be able to correlate some other data that fluctuates at the same rate. Still, not all reliable data is valid. Say the researchers correlated the sale of coffee in the area to the number of speeding tickets issued—while the data may appear to support one another, the variables on an external level invalidate the measurement tool of the number of coffees sold as they relate to the number of speeding tickets received.

Play Assessments And Developmental Skills - 710 Words

In this article reviewed titled â€Å"Play Assessments and Developmental Skills in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders† written by J. Pierucci, A. Barber, A. Gilpin, M. Crisler, and L. Klinger research diagnostic evaluations that include the assessment of play. Understanding the role of play in regards to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential in developing communication skills to enhance social interaction is essential. The authors examined various aspects of play, draw from play competencies, and design interventions for successful outcomes of goals. In addition, how to measure the correlation between play and developmental skills that correlates with specific play composites. These essential dynamics provided correlation between play behaviors in the development of social skills of children with autism. The crux of the research and the findings in this study are the variety of measures used performing ASD diagnostic evaluations (Pierucci, Barber, Gilpin, Crisler, Klinger, 2015, p. 41). These diagnostic measures are vague because the observer not the observed determines levels of play. Furthermore, the child with autism is unable to communicate a genuine interest or lack of interest in the particular play strategy. In retrospect, play if the child is not correctly measured for their play style, then the strategy is limited at best. Therefore making it imperative to understand the significance of a pre-and post-assessments enable to match the child’sShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The And Emotional Development919 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the assessments, I found Julia to be average or superior to developmental milestones for children her age. To assure all areas were observed, I allowed a week to monitor the assessment data for two checklists. I observed social and emo tional development over a three day span to allow for situational stimuli and behavior adjustments from a quick trip to visit her paternal grandparents. Finally, to pull all my information together, I completed a time sampling assessment to observe actionsRead MoreThe Autism Screening Instrument For Educational Planning1400 Words   |  6 Pagescrucial for the professional evaluating the child to know about the disorder. This is why speech-language pathologists normally play a part in the diagnosis. Other members of the team may include occupational therapists, physical therapists, pediatricians, and neurologists. Since problems with communication and social skills are early symptoms of this disorder, SLPs play a main role in the diagnosis and should be consulted early in the evaluation process. Talking to the parents and caregivers ofRead MoreAnalysis : Infant Toddler Language Scale1040 Words   |  5 PagesCritique†¨This Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale is a criter ion-referenced informal assessment used to compare the skills of a child to a framework of typical development. The scale is made for children ages zero to three years old. While the administration of the test is relatively easy to follow, the time to administer the test varies on the age of the child, but can range from ten to thirty minutes. I believe this assessment is practical as a measure of communication and interaction.†¨ To measure progressRead MoreEssay On Social Play1263 Words   |  6 PagesPlay Play is important for school functioning as it enables Amelia to connect with peers at kindergarten while learning social and communication skills (Rigby Rodger, 2006). Direct observation of Amelia’s free play was conducted in the back garden and the Test of Playfulness (ToP; Bundy et al., 2001) was adopted to examine her degree of playfulness. Amelia participated in different types of game that predominate in the play of 0- to 7-year-olds (Takata, 1974), including riding bicycle (sensorimotor)Read MoreAssessment Of The Kindergarten Classroom : An Empirical Study Of Teachers Assessment Approaches1593 Words   |  7 Pages Assessment in the Kindergarten Classroom For many years, educators have been challenged in their efforts to assess kindergarten children using a variety of strategies. Tests and other types of assessments designed for kindergarten children are not the same as those intended for children in later grades in elementary school. Today, kindergarten teachers face the challenge of balancing traditional developmental programming with the academically oriented curriculum that is currently required. TheRead MoreThe Greatest Challenge For American Higher Education1582 Words   |  7 Pageseducation today is how to improve the success of developmental education students. Having a postsecondary degree is often the difference between having a career and living comfortably or holding a minimum wage job and struggling to make ends meet. Gabriel (2008), reports that nearly half of higher education students do not have the necessary skills needed in reading to perform successfully and faculty insist these students are not prepared. Communit y colleges plays a pivotal role in education and give studentsRead MoreSimilarities and Differences between Reggio Emilia and High Scope1681 Words   |  7 Pageseducation and their preschool curriculum approach. High Scope preschool curriculum is used throughout the world and has had an impact on Head Start programs (Morrison, 1976, p. 15). High Scope promotes the developmental domains in their Key Developmental Indicators (KDIs). KDIs break down the developmental domains, and it talks about how they can be incorporated in the curriculum. Cognitive development is promoted through their children exploring objects through their five senses, exploring similaritiesRead MoreFinding an Affordable Childcare Program1126 Words   |  5 Pagesease your concern with your son development with vocabulary, social, and motor skills.   In this letter, I plan to address, three things you should look for in a childcare environment that supports your son s development, three factors that could contribute to atypical development at this age, and give my assessment of whether or not the child may exhibit a developmental delay and to note signs of a possible developmental delay, bearing in mind that teachers themselves cannot diagnose disabilities)Read MoreThe Importance Of Play And Its Effect On Cognition, Linguistics, And Pragmatics15 01 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment of Play Jimmy Kue Northeastern State University Abstract This paper explores the importance of play and its effect on cognition, linguistics, and pragmatics in infants and toddlers and how play can affect their social competence as preschoolers. Assessment of Play In a third world country, some Hmong parents’ believe in the teaching for survival needs are important and necessary in order to survive. Chores were evenly distributed throughout the family who were capable to contributeRead MoreDevelopmental Delay1330 Words   |  6 PagesJacqueline McCluskey CDFR 4300 Developmental Delay At least 8 percent of all preschool children from birth to 6 years have developmental problems and demonstrate delays in one or more domains. (Pediatric Perspective, 2003). Developmental delays occur when a child does not reach the developmental milestones by the expected time. It can affect one or more of the five areas of development: physical, cognitive, communication, social and emotional, and adaptive. If a child is experiencing a delay

Literature Review Diversity at Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review for Diversity at Workplace. Answer: Introduction: The Literature on diversity in workplace is reviewed to determine the issues related to complexity at workplace and also to identify ways in management of diversity and training. This literature review focus on number of matters related to literature review such as definition of diversity, theories of workforce diversity, trends of diversity, weakness and benefits of diversity, and diversity training. Many authors defined diversity in their own concept but not even a single definition cover all the elements of diversity at workplace. Subsequently, this paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Literature Review-Diversity at Workplace: According to Morrison (1992), diversity is divided in four levels: first level stated that diversity is the balance of racial, ethical and sexual elements. Second level stated that diversity is the understanding of other cultures, third level defines diversity as cultural and divergent values, and fourth level stated that diversity includes cultural, sub cultural and divergent values. Griggs (1995) divided diversity into primary and secondary dimensions. Primary dimension define human differences which are inborn and these dimension includes age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities, race and sexual orientation. It is not possible for human beings to change their primary dimensions. Secondary dimensions include that can be changed by human being and it includes education, geographic location, military experience, etc[1]. The literature review on workplace diversity stated three different theoretical frameworks for determining the impact of workplace diversity. First theory is related to social categorization and this theory is defined by Turner (1987) as categorization of human beings on the basis of gender, ethnicity or age, and it result in stereotyping which are based on these differences. Berscheid Walster (1978) stated that second theory is similarity and attraction theory, and according to this theory similarity is assert on salient or non-salient attributes such as race and values which increase the interpersonal attraction and attachment. Third theory is related to information and decision making which evaluates the impact of information distribution and expertise on work teams (Wittenbaum Stasser, 1996). Above stated theories result in different and contradictory effect of diversity on the performance of group or individual. (Michala, Deanne, Paul, Janique 2003). Social categorization theory and similarity attraction theory reflect negative effects such as reduction in the group communication, increase in labor turnover, and decreased satisfaction and commitment. However, third theory information and decision making predicts positive effect of diversity because teams which are more diverged process the information in different manner as members of the team have different ideas (Williams O'Reilly, 1998; Cox, 1993; Pollar Gonzalez, 1994)[2]. Things are little different in 2015, and trends related to workplace diversity are changed. According to Selena Rezvani (2015), a Deloitte report published in 2014 covering many trends related to HR, and this report stated that Diversity was the least important issue considered by leaders as compared to other matters of HR. following are some trends of workplace diversity in 2015 that is CEOs of the company directly address the issue of workplace diversity, now definition of diversity is completely changed, nor semantics are not that much subtle, technology improve number of things, and many more[3]. There is human tendency to favor those peoples who are similar to them because people feel more comfortable to be in surroundings which are similar to them (Avery, 1979; Wexley Nemeroff, 1974). This is the only reason that mangers hire, promote and make project assignments with those to who they can relate instead of those who are different from them. For example womens and people of color receive less attention of mangers as compared to other employees because of uncertainty of feedback and result (Jamieson O'Mara, 1991; Jones, 1982). It is not possible for women and other people of color to improve their job performance in the absence of feedback, and problems are continuously escalated till they are solved. Womens and people of colors are also not invited for after activities of business which improve the relation between employee and employer and help in making informal decisions of business. as result they feel outsiders, which lead to personal and professional conflicts at workplace (Dunnette Motowidlo, 1982; Hymowitz, 1989; Rosener, 1986; Schwartz, 1989)[4]. Wheeler (1994) defined diversity training and stated that this training varies from organization to organization, and training in every organization is influenced with the way in which organization understand and treat this matter. Wheeler further stated that from the corporate perspective diversity training is defined as raising personal awareness among individuals related to differences between individuals in the workplace and how they can use these differences to enhance the way people work together. Whereas, organizations used number of methods to manage the diversity at workplace, and diversity training is the most used strategy by organizations. According to Michael R, there are different forms of diversity training such as encounter-type retreats or quiet consciousness-raising sessions. He also stated some points which are directly related to diversity training: certification of values, perceptual differences, case studies, personal experience and morals. Knouse and Dansby (1999), states that those organizations which practice diversity will lead to increase synergy among employees, contacts, and members of staff on different roles and tasks. Valuation of diversity means that differences present at workplace are not absolute in nature and these differences helps the organization to be more effective because they are depends on different perspectives to find the best solution of problem. Weakness of cultural diversity in the workplace is individuals at workplace indulge in personal conflicts with each other because individuals who are culturally diverse have different opinions, norms, values, beliefs, customs, trends, and traditions. These differences are shown with the passage of time in the workplace. Personality of human beings includes number of dimensions and these dimensions are exists under the deep surface. These qualities result in actual essence of diversity among individuals (Gillian Coote Martin)[5]. Conclusion: After so many discussions on diversity at workplace there is still confusion on this term under organizations. Definitions of diversity include different levels and sources but these definitions do not state any difference between functional diversity and social diversity. Because of lack of difference there are number of organizations which are not able to understand this issue properly and fails in adopting the successful diversity operations. The impact of diversity is negative as well positive. Positive attributes of diversity includes strong knowledge which are based on cultural experience of individuals and these effects are depend on the management of cultural diversity issues by management and leaders in organization. After conducting the proper planning leaders can ensure more positive effects of cultural diversity as compared to negative effects. After analyzing the view points of different authors it is clear that issue of diversity is not clear and this will result in problems related to understanding the definition of diversity for practice. Bibliography Journals Wentling, R. M. Rivas, P. M. (1997). Diversity in the workforce: A literature review. National Center for Research in Vocational Education. MDS-934, pp 3. Magazine Rezvani, S. (2015). Five Trends Driving Workplace Diversity In 2015. Retrieved on 3rd February 2017 from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2015/02/03/20768/#8e2d75334c98. Book Cascio, W. F. (1982). Applied psychology in personnel management. Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company. Website The Conference Board of Canada. Workplace Diversity Research. Reyrieved on 3rd February 2017 from: https://www.conferenceboard.ca/topics/humanresource/diversity.aspx.